1. Definition and Key Features Emphysematous pyelitis: Gas is confined only to the pelvicalyceal system, with no renal parenchymal involvement. Most commonly associated with obstructive urinary tract infections (e.g., stones) and gas-producing bacteria such as E. coli. Frequently seen in diabetic patients. 2. Radiological Findings Plain Radiograph Localized radiolucencies: Fine linear or clustered gas densities projected over the kidney, localized to the renal pelvi

Chief Complaint: 67 -year-old male, Left hip pain persisting for 20 years, becoming progressive over the last 2 years, accompanied by a significant limp. ​History: A history of untreated/undiagnosed hip disorder during childhood (consistent with late-stage Perthes sequelae). ​Physical Examination: 2 cm shortening of the left lower extremity, positive Trendelenburg sign, and severe restriction in the range of motion (ROM) in all directions. Radiological Findings: Fig 1: Coxa